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आज कम्प्यूटर (computer) हम सब की एक प्रमुख आवश्यकता बन गई है। विद्यालयों में कम्प्यूटर के विषय में सिखाया जा रहा है। कार्यालयों में कम्प्यूटर के बिना काम हो पाना असम्भव-सा हो गया है। टायपिंग करना हो, सारणी बनाना हो, छायाचित्र का संपादन करना हो, उपलब्ध जानकारियों का विश्लेषण करना हो, काम कैसा भी क्यों न हो, हमें कम्प्यूटर की आवश्यकता होती ही है। चिप्स, तार आदि से बने इस यंत्र हम आदेश देते हैं और यह बात की बात में हमारे आदेश को पूरा कर देता है।

विद्यालयों में तो बालक-बालिकायें कम्प्यूटर के विषय में समझ रहे हैं किन्तु जिन्हों ने बहुत पहले ही अपनी शिक्षा समाप्त कर ली है उनमें से बहुत से लोगों को अभी भी कम्प्यूटर के विषय में साधारण जानकारियाँ तक नहीं है।

यह बुनियादी कम्प्यूटर शिक्षा (computer tutorial) उनके लिये है जिनका कम्पयूटर के विषय में आधारभूत ज्ञान बहुत कम है या फिर है ही नहीं। इसका उद्देश्य है कम्प्यूटर के प्रभावशाली तथा सुरक्षित रूप से प्रयोग करने में उनकी सहायता करना। इसे पढ़ कर वे आसानी से समझ पायेंगे कि:

1. कम्प्यूटर क्या है ?
2. कम्प्यूटर के घटक (Components of Computers) कौन से हैं।

सबसे पहले सैन्य (military) तथा वैज्ञानिक गणनाओं के लिये 1940 के दशक में कम्प्यूटर का निर्माण किया गया। अनेक वर्षों वर्षों तक कम्प्यूटर का स्वरूप बड़े भवन के बराबर विशाल रहा। आज का डेस्क टॉप (desktop) या पर्सनल कम्प्यूटर – पी.सी. (personal computer – P.C.) केवल 15 वर्ष पुराना है।

कम्प्यूटर क्या है ?

उपलब्ध जानकारियों को छाँटने, क्रियान्वित करने तथा सुरक्षित रखने के इलेक्ट्रानिक विधि को ही कम्प्यूटर कहा जाता है। (Computers are essentially an electronic way to sort, process and store information.)

कम्प्यूटर के मुख्य  घटक (components) हैं -

1. हार्डवेयर (Hardware)
2. सोफ्टवेयर (Software)
3. ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम (Operating System)
4. एप्लीकेशन प्रोग्राम या सॉफ्टवेयर (Application Programs or Software)
5. यूजर्स (Users)

हार्डवेयर (Hardware):
कम्प्यूटर के वे घटक हैं जिन्हें हम देख और छू सकते हैं। हार्डवेयर के अन्तर्गत सेन्ट्रल प्रोसेसिंग यूनिट –

1. सीपीयू (Central Processing Unit – CPU),
2. फ्लॉपी ड्राइव्ह (Floppy Drive),
3. सीडी रोम ड्राइव्ह (CD ROM Drive),
4. मानीटर (Monitor),
5. कीपैड (Keypad),
6. माउस (Mouse),
7. स्पीकर्स (Speakers) आदि आते हैं।

सॉफ्टवेयर (Software):
कम्प्यूटर के उन घटकों को कहा जाता है जिन्हें हम देख-छू नहीं सकते किन्तु उनकी सहायता से कम्प्यूटर के द्वारा वांछित परिणाम प्राप्त कर लेते हैं। ये निर्देशों के सेट होते हैं जिनके द्वारा कम्प्यूटर एक या एक से अधिक कार्यों को सम्पन्न करता है। (A set of instructions that cause a computer to perform one or more tasks)

ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम (Operating System):
कम्प्यूटर सिस्टम के हार्डवेयर रिसोर्सेस जैसे-मैमोरी, प्रोसेसर तथा इनपुट-आउटपुट डिवाइसेस को व्यवस्थित करने के लिये बनाये गये सॉफ्टवेयर को ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम कहते है।

एप्लीकेशन प्रोग्राम (Application Programs):
उन सॉफ्टवेयरस् को एप्लीकेशन प्रोग्राम कहा जाता है जिनकी सहायता से हम कम्प्यूटर को दिये गये किसी निश्चित आदेश का पालन करवाते हैं, उदाहरण के तौर पर वर्ड प्रोसेसर्स (Word Processers) जैसे कि एमएस आफिस (MS Office), एकाउंटिंग सॉफ्टवेयर्स (Accounting Softwares) जैसे कि टैली (Tally) आदि।

यूजर्स (Users):
कम्प्यूटर को प्रयोग करने वाले यूजर्स कहलाते हैं।

Popularity: 7% [?]

Gigabyte has announced to launch its new Gigabyte GA-EG45M-UD2H motherboard. The product supports the latest Intel 45nm CPUs and integrates support for HDMI, DVI and HDCP, creating a powerful multi-media platform which allows users to do more at once.

Gigabyte GA-EG45M-UD2H is built from Intel G45 Express chipset, using Gigabyte’s Ultra Durable 3 technology with 2 oz Copper for ground and power layers.

It’s Dual channel DDR2 1066 by O.C. is set go give remarkable system performance At the same time the motherboard is integrated with Intel Graphics Media Accelerator X4500HD (Intel GMA X4500HD).

It has built-in TPM chip with 2048bits encryption to highest level digital data protection and features high speed Gigabit Ethernet and IEEE1394 connection.

The new GA-EG45M-UD2H has 2 ounces Copper and supports Intel’s 45nm Core 2 Duo processors with 1600 MHz overclocked Front Side Bus.

This motherboard supports up to 16GB of DDR2 RAM with 1066 MHz (overclocked) and has dual-channel memory architecture. Gigabyte has integrated HDMI port with HDCP support and boasts smoother HD and Blu-ray video playback. Price of the product is not released yet.

Popularity: 26% [?]

Transcend introduced a StoreJetTM 25M in 500GB capacity in red color, which the company says will be a good choice for ‘someone special‘. The StoreJet 25M was released a few days back in capacities of 160GB, 320GB and 500GB. The red color edition is available only in 500GB capacity. Like other StoreJet models, it comes with SToreJet Elite software which features

1. Website Auto Login,
2. Mobile Favorites with No Trace Internet browsing,
3. Secret-Zip 256-bit AES file encryption,
4. Mobile E-mail,
5. Online Update,
6. Intelligent backup scheduling/security/file compression functions and
7. One touch backup function.

To protect against data loss or damage from accidental slips or falls, the StoreJet 25 mobile meets the U.S.military drop-test standards MIL-STD-810F with advanced two-stage anti-shock technology, literally making it one of the safest places to keep your data.

It is priced Rs.11000/- and comes with 2 years company warranty.

Popularity: 3% [?]

A good headset is a must for most computer users and even some console gamers.In may be with or without microphone. Razer is world’s leading brand in high-end computer gaming peripherals, and it has introduced its latest Barracuda HP-1 gaming headphones. Attention to microscopic details like using 99 per cent oxygen-free copper cable in the headphones dispenses amazing gaming audio signals and its 8 discrete audio drivers lend optimal audio without compromising the gamer’s comfort when using the headset.

The Barracuda headset is the typical cupped-style headset, with the headphones being heavily padded cups with an adjustable headstrap in between. The Razer Barracuda HP-1 headphone’s built-in microphone is designed specifically for in-game communications — featuring a short shaft for enhanced comfort and audio pickup — the microphone also features advanced noise cancellation capabilities ideal for furious in-game communication. Although the Razer Barracuda HP-1 may be used with all soundcards, using it with the Razer Barracuda AC-1 gaming soundcard is strongly recommended as it delivers the finest gaming audio experience. Razer’s gaming products can be found at specialised gaming counters and will cost around Rs 7,500.

The Razer Piranha gaming communicator, is yet another headset designed for gamers with true-to-life audio quality and a noise-filtering microphone. But they were not the best headphones we have experienced. The headphones had worked the best while gaming, but the sound was not as rich as we would like when listening to music or watching a movie. Admittedly, bass response was good without becoming overpowering. However, the Piranha is certainly better than the speakers integrated into most laptops. The quality of the voice communication was as good as can be expected from headphones worth Rs 4,000.

Genius HS-04UIf you don’t have a sound card or just don’t want to bother with the hassle of unplugging your speakers then your best option is a USB headset. The Genius HS-04U is a gamer-oriented USB headset with support for Dolby headphone, and though we like a lot of what it does, it’s not without its problems. For starters, it is not a fancy headset.

While the headset will just work without drivers, you won’t get any of the cool features unless you install the drivers. Once installed, users get nifty virtual 3D via Dolby headphone support. The Genius HS-04U also packs in surprises such as a sense of a wider soundscape and even a bit of 3D audio. Adjust the size of the virtual room, apply reverb effects to make it sound like an amphitheatre or bathroom, and tweak the tone with a 10-band graphic equaliser. There’s even a karaoke function. From playing games to using it for VoIP services, Genius HS-04U presents itself as an affordable option at just Rs 2,700.

Popularity: 5% [?]

Advanced Micro Devices added new Phenom II desktop models on Monday, including triple-core processors, as it tries to outdo Intel desktop price-performance.

The Phenom II “Dragon” line of desktop processors uses AMD’s new 45-nanometer technology and comprises both quad-core (X4) and triple-core (X3) parts.

The triple-core Phenom II X3 720 Black Edition processor is priced at $145, which AMD compares to Intel’s Core 2 Duo (dual-core) E8400 processor, priced at $165. The quad-core X4 810 processor (2.6GHz) is priced at $175 versus the Intel Core 2 Quad Q8200 processor (2.33GHz), priced at $170.

The Phenom II processors fit in either AM2+ or AM3 sockets and support DDR2 or next generation DDR3 memory technology.

The new chips are also the first AM3 processors, which will be able to use faster DDR3 memory once compatible motherboards become available in the future.

The processors are available immediately and the Models available are:

1. AMD Phenom II X4 910 – (2.6GHz)
2. AMD Phenom II X4 810 – (2.6GHz)
3. AMD Phenom II X4 805 – (2.5GHz)
4. AMD Phenom II X3 720 Black Edition – (2.8GHz)
5. AMD Phenom II X3 710 – (2.6GHz)

Popularity: 2% [?]

The launch of an ultra cheap laptop for just $10 in India may set the future of computer technology in a world grappling with depression.

This laptop is developed as part of a broader national plan to attract Indian colleges and schools toward growing IT trends, will bring the wonder of the PC to the children.

It is known as ‘Sakshat’. It is aimed to fill the gap between rich and poor by linking 18,000 colleges and 400 universities across India.

The laptop will have 2GB inbuilt memory and easy to use applications. It would give tough competition to rival PC makers like the One Laptop per Child’s XO machine and the Intel Classmate.

As of now, only few features are known like the Wi-Fi, LAN, expandable memory which we assume is the storage and not RAM and will operate with just 2 watt of power.

The laptop computer, is developed by the joint efforts of Vellore Institute of Technology, the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and the Indian Institute of Technology in Madras.  To be launched from Triputi in Andhra Pradesh, would be the latest in a series of initiatives to create low cost computing devices for Indians.

University students were engaged to help with the research, and the Indian government also gave several State bodies the brief to turn up with schemes for the low-cost high-use concept.

Many of the private firms were also given the agreement to make the notebooks after the design specifications were finalized.

Many governments throughout the world tried a similar low-priced computer scheme for their State-run education system, but India’s laptop is undoubtedly the most cost-effective so far.

Other countries have contracted the companies likes of Intel and Dell to supply the hardware, but the Indian government’s practical approach has kept prices down and made the programme more approachable to its vast school-going population.

The global recession has also hit badly the costlier roll-outs in other nations, as cut-backs have seen lots of such progressive plans falling victim to funding setbacks.

Some industry professionals are anticipating that the ‘$10 PC’ could be a hit further abroad than Asia in case the laptop plan turns our successful in India.

Popularity: 3% [?]

The Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association (AMTA) has developed consumer tips to assist users to protect themselves against the risk of mobile phone viruses.

This guide explains what viruses are, how they spread, and what can be done about them.

What’s a mobile phone virus?

A mobile phone virus or mobile malware – malicious mobile software – is a computer virus specifically adapted for the mobile phone environment and designed to spread from one vulnerable phone to another.

A virus is a program code that replicates by being copied to another program. Viruses can be transmitted as attachments to an email or in a download file. Some viruses take effect as soon as their code is executed; other viruses can lie dormant. A virus that replicates by resending itself as an email attachment or as a part of a network message is known as a worm.

Viruses can range from benign to quite harmful; they can erase data from the infected phone or send fake messages purporting to be from the phones owner. How prevalent are mobile phone viruses? The current security risk from mobile phone viruses and worms is low.

Until many more smart phones or PDAs are in use, and users of these phones are regularly exchanging executable files, the risk will remain low. The mobile industry takes the threat of viruses very seriously and is continually monitoring its networks and working to protect users from any future risk from mobile phone viruses. There are also some simple measures that individual users can implement to protect themselves.

What can I do to protect my phone?

The following tips can help prevent problems with viruses on your phone:

1. Switch to Bluetooth hidden mode. If your phone has Bluetooth capability, ensure that the Bluetooth capability is switched to hidden or invisible mode unless you specifically need it to be visible. This will help prevent other Bluetooth-enabled devices from finding your phone (unless you grant them the necessary permission) and will therefore help protect your phone from worms that spread using the Bluetooth wireless technology.
2. Exercise caution before opening attachments. When accepting applications sent via Bluetooth, or opening MMS attachments, exercise caution, just as you would when opening an email attachment on your PC, because they may include harmful software. Ensure the application or attachment comes from a known source, and is wary of opening files that have unfamiliar text attached to them, even if they come from someone you know.
3. Only download content from a trusted source. Trusted sources may include operator portals and other well-known brands that offer adequate protection against viruses and other harmful software. Be aware though that, as with emails, malicious or fraudulent users may be able to fake the appearance of a trusted source.
4. Consider anti-virus software. Some software is available to prevent phone viruses. You may wish to consider downloading this software.
5. Contact your phone manufacturer if concerned. If you think you have a virus, call the phone manufacturer’s care line. They can assist you confirm if it is a virus, and help fix the problem.

Popularity: 5% [?]

Bluetooth is a wireless technology that enables any electrical device to wirelessly communicate in the range of 2.5 GHz ISM frequency band. Mobile phones, headsets, PDA’s and portable computers can communicate and send data to each other without wires or cables to link to devices together. The name of Bluetooth is derived from the name of an English king Harold Bluetooth.

It is a low cost, low power, radio technology, which is particularly suited to the short range Personal Area Network (PAN) application. Bluetooth Special Interest Group is authorized to develop its specifications & license.

The Main Features of Bluetooth are as given below:

1. It operates in the 2.4GHz frequency band without having a license for wireless communication.
2. Up to 10-100 meters data can be transfer in real time.
3. Close proximity & accuracy is not required for Bluetooth as in case of infrared data (IrDA) communication device. Bluetooth does not suffer from interference from obstacles such as walls while infrared suffers due to obstacles.
4. Bluetooth supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint wireless connections without cables between mobile phones and personal computers.
5. Data transfer rate of blue tooth varies from version to version. Data rate of 1 Mbps for Version 1.2 Up to 3 Mbps for Version 2.0.

Then major parts of Bluetooth system are RF transceiver, base band, and protocol stack. Bluetooth is used for small-area networking without user intervention. Due to extremely low transmission power in Bluetooth technique battery power is saved. It is a networking standard that works at two levels:

• Physical level.
• Protocol level

Due to these levels mobiles have to agree on these levels when bits are sent. It decides the amount of data to be sent at a time, and how the parties in a conversation can be sure that the message received is the same as the message sent.

Bluetooth networking transmits data through low-power radio waves. It can connect up to eight devices simultaneously. With in the range of about ten meters you must think that the devices will not interfere with each other. Bluetooth solved the problem of devices interference while sending the data by using the technique of Spread-Spectrum Frequency Hopping due to which devices may transfer data at the same frequency at the same time. The question rises here is how Bluetooth send the same data using same frequency band without devices interferences? In Bluetooth technique, transmitters change frequencies 1,600 times in every second. In this way devices can make full use of a limited band of the radio spectrum.

When Bluetooth devices came into the range of each other, conversations take place automatically. This conversation automatically determines whether they have the data to share or not. In this way Bluetooth devices not only share the data but also control the data to be transferred. When the connection is established, the devices either they are part of a computer system or a network, Bluetooth systems create a personal-area network.

The technology used in Bluetooth also provides security in three ways:

• Pseudo-random frequency hopping,
• Authentication,
• Encryption.

Frequency hops make it difficult for anyone to eavesdrop. Authentication allows a user to limit connectivity to specified devices. Encryption uses secret keys to make data intelligible only to authorized parties.

Service-level security and device-level security work together to protect Bluetooth devices from unauthorized data transmission.

Many serious problems create only due to improper security issues. Some of them are as below:

Blue Jacking
It is used to send a business card in the form of text message via Bluetooth to other users. It should be noted that the distance between two users is not more than 10 meters. If the user doesn’t found the proper text, he should add the contact to his phone book. After saving his contact in his address book retry to send the same message. In this way the user can get business card from other user via Bluetooth. Its all because of the known destination from where the massage is being coming.

Blue Bugging
Due to this hackers can access users phone. It not only access one’s mobile phone, but also use its features including placing call, messaging. Even though the user doesn’t realize its happening.

Car Whisperer
Car whisper is a type of software due to which hackers can send and receive audio file from a Bluetooth-enabled car stereo.

Popularity: 22% [?]

Microsoft allows consumers to test the next generation of its Windows 7 starting Friday.

Microsoft, the world’s biggest maker of software, has said Windows 7 will incorporate touch screen technology and allow users to more easily personalize the system. It promised more user-friendly features, such as a new taskbar that previews all open windows from a single application by hovering over the program’s icon. Another new feature, “Jump Lists,” provides updated lists of recently worked-on documents or oft-visited websites without first having to open Microsoft Word or an Internet browser.
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Popularity: 2% [?]