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Popularity: 4% [?]

What is business process outsourcing (BPO)?
BPO is the process of hiring another company to handle business activities for you.
BPO is distinct from information technology (IT) outsourcing, ITO includes hiring a third-party company or service provider to do IT-related activities, such as Read the rest of this entry »

Popularity: 4% [?]

So, what is outsourcing?

Outsourcing is contracting with another company or person to do a particular function. Almost every organization outsources in some way. Typically, the function being outsourced is considered non-core to the business.An insurance company, for example, might outsource its janitorial and landscaping operations to firms that specialize in those types of work since they are not related to insurance or strategic to the business. The outside firms that are providing the outsourcing services are third-party providers, or as they are more commonly called, service providers.

Although outsourcing has been around as long as work specialization has existed, in recent history, companies began employing the outsourcing model to carry out narrow functions, such as payroll, billing and data entry. Those processes could be done more efficiently, and therefore more cost-effectively, by other companies with specialized tools and facilities and specially trained personnel.

Currently, outsourcing takes many forms. Organizations still hire service providers to handle distinct business processes, such as benefits management. But some organizations outsource whole operations. The most common forms are information technology outsourcing (ITO) and business process outsourcing (BPO).

Business process outsourcing encompasses call center outsourcing, human resources outsourcing (HRO), finance and accounting outsourcing, and claims processing outsourcing. These outsourcing deals involve multi-year contracts that can run into hundreds of millions of dollars. Frequently, the people performing the work internally for the client firm are transferred and become employees for the service provider. Dominant outsourcing service providers in the information technology outsourcing and business process outsourcing fields include IBM, EDS, CSC, HP, ACS, Accenture and Capgemini.

Some nimble companies that are short on time and money, such as start-up software publishers, apply multisourcing — using both internal and service provider staff — in order to speed up the time to launch. They hire a multitude of outsourcing service providers to handle almost all aspects of a new project, from product design, to software coding, to testing, to localization, and even to marketing and sales.

The process of outsourcing generally encompasses four stages:

1. Strategic thinking, to develop the organization’s philosophy about the role of outsourcing in its activities;
2. Evaluation and selection, to decide on the appropriate outsourcing projects and potential locations for the work to be done and service providers to do it;
3. Contract development, to work out the legal, pricing and service level agreement (SLA) terms; and
4. Outsourcing management or governance, to refine the ongoing working relationship between the client and outsourcing service providers.

In all cases, outsourcing success depends on three factors:

1. executive-level support in the client organization for the outsourcing mission;
2. ample communication to affected employees; and the
3. client’s ability to manage its service providers.

The outsourcing professionals in charge of the work on both the client and provider sides need a combination of skills in such areas as negotiation, communication, project management, the ability to understand the terms and conditions of the contracts and service level agreements (SLAs), and, above all, the willingness to be flexible as business needs change.

Popularity: 4% [?]

People seek beauty. They constantly look to improve what they have or give themselves a whole new look. They drop by the nearest hair and beauty salon to be pampered by stylists and beauticians to style their tresses, shape their eyebrows, and color their nails – all for a few (or more) bucks. An hour in a hair and salon shop every month and one emerges confident and ready to take on the world.

It is no wonder that hair and salon business remains one of the rapidly growing industries today.

The hair and salon business can be started with moderate capitalization. Success in this venture depends on the ability to provide a consistently high customer satisfaction. The successful hair and salon business is one that offers excellent service, use quality products, and provide an enjoyable atmosphere at an acceptable price. Customers of this type of business are willing to pay for a higher price to an operation that can satisfy the client’s desire for improved physical appearance and even mental relaxation.

Services Offered
Hair and salon businesses range from the “Rs.20 budget haircut only” to upscale full-service hair, nail and day spa services that could pitch a price of a few hundreds. A typical full-service hair and salon business offers all or any of the following services:

• Hair: haircuts, trims and style; highlights/foils & weaving; hair & scalp treatments; relaxers, perms; colors; shampoo and conditioning; curling, reconstructing, permanent waving
• Nails: manicures, pedicures, polish, sculptured nails, nail repair, hand conditioning treatments.
• Skin Care: Facials, body waxing, massage.
• Sale of professional hair/beauty products: Many salon businesses also offer a wide range of hair and beauty products in order to provide everything a customer needs in one convenient location. You can choose to sell top-of-the-line beauty products shampoo, daily and deep treatment conditioners, hair styling products such as mousse, gel, pomades, among others; and other specialty hair products. Retailing professional hair products is an important strategy for retaining clients and making additional profits.

Some hair and salon businesses also offer spa services, a growing niche in the salon business. Day spas offer services such as body scrubs, skin lightening, body wrapping, herbal wraps, massage/aromatherapy, derma abrasion, stretch mark and blemishes, anti-aging, facials, makeup, skin care, waxing, polishing, and anti-acne treatments.

Start Up Requirements
The amount of capital you need to start the business depend on the type, quality and choice of salon design, rent and utility deposits, fixtures, leasehold improvements, opening inventory, and equipment that you intend to use.

Key start-up expense components of a hair and salon business are:

Salon space
Unless you live in a big house with room for a salon and in an area with favorable zoning restrictions, you will need to rent space for your business. Depending on the type of your operations, you may need space anywhere from 500 to 2,000 square feet.

Many cities allow salons to be located within a residential area, but with zoning restrictions, it may be difficult to operate a salon as a home business. In particular, some residents may not tolerate the flow of traffic as well as parking in your neighborhood.

Personnel
The number and type of personnel you need to hire will depend on the services that your hair and salon business will offer. Typically, a salon will require one to several stylists and a receptionist. Other personnel that your business may hire include shampoo technicians, barber, nail technician, facialist, make-up artist, and a massage therapist.

Leasehold improvements
You may need to undertake leasehold improvements to your space based on your interior layout, design, and plumbing requirements. Leasehold improvements are defined as the construction of new buildings or improvements made to existing structures by the lessee. As the lessee, you will have the right to use these leasehold improvements over the term of the lease. In many states, however, these improvements will revert to the lessor at the expiration of the lease. Moveable equipment or office furniture that is not attached to the leased property is not considered a leasehold improvement.

Saloon Equipment
The equipment you buy will depend on the services you offer. Some of the basic equipment you need to purchase include washing basin, styling chair, hair driers, supply trolleys and manicure sets and aprons. Other equipment you may need include shampoo spray machines; facial bed, hair steaming machines, and other body/skin care instruments. If you are planning to sell beauty products, you also need to invest in inventory.

Contact the beauty salon equipment suppliers and check if you can get a good deal. You can also look into alternative sources such as eBay where lower-priced equipment is up for bidding.

You can start the saloon business with intial investment of Rs.50000 and above depending on the range of services you will offe. You may also need initial training, professional and licensing fees, and at least three months of working capital.

Other start-up expenses includes:

• Cash register
• Merchant account fees
• Business license fees and other required documentation
• Utilities
• Insurance
• Professional fees (accountant, lawyer, etc.)
• Signage costs
• Initial marketing and advertising expenses

The keys to success in the hair and salon business are:

1. Keep your clients satisfied. A salon’s best marketing tool is word-of-mouth. If a client is happy with the results, he or she will come back to the your salon; after all, it is all a question of trust. Satisfied clients can then help advertise your business to their friends, family, and colleagues. Word can easily spread about the great look and outstanding personal service that your salon provides. It is important that your business create and maintain the desirable reputation as a quality hair and salon operation.
2. Choose the right location: Location is critical to the success of your business. You need a location that is strategically situated on one of the busiest streets in your area, if not in a mall. Some salons employing well-known hair stylists (e.g. “stylists to the stars) can put their business anywhere and still clients will flock to them. If you don’t have a well-established reputation in the business and a long list of loyal clientele, find a high-profile location with an easy access from all parts of town.
3. Offer a clean and safe atmosphere. Salons thrive on an environment that is clean, safe and relaxing where customers can receive prompt and professional service. Cleanliness is a particularly important element that can draw clients again and again. Your clients must be able to trust that the products and tools that you use on them are of top-notch quality and safe. You cannot afford to put your clients at risk from infections, as it could damage your reputation.
4. Irrespective of size, salons should be scrupulously clean with the cleaning, disinfecting and sterilizing of equipment and work areas undertaken several times (not just once) a day, preferably at the start and end of the day and in-between clients. Be sure your towels, footbaths, and other equipments are washed, clean and odor-free.
5. Convenience: Salons offering a wide range of services in one setting have a distinct advantage over those who offer only one or two types of services. Many clients prefer to have their hair, nails or face done in one place, instead of going to three different places. While you can specialize in one main area (e.g. hair), giving your clients the convenience of a one-stop beauty shop can set your business apart from your competitors.
6. Hire qualified and trained personnel. The cosmetic procedures performed by untrained personnel may cause health problems to the clients. It is important that you hire only qualified and well-trained beauticians, stylists, and other personnel. Experience may give a beautician the expertise to render treatment, but, without proper training, she would be unaware of the merits and demerits of procedures. It is your responsibility as the salon owner to ensure that your personnel are adequately trained and understand each procedure offered.
7. You need to be aware of the liabilities that you and your business can be subjected to as a result of accidents and botched procedures (from rashes resulting from improper waxing procedure to damaged hair). Check with your insurance company on policies that can protect you and your business from liability and lawsuits that may arise from customer complaints.
8. Also consider providing training classes on a regular basis to your personnel to improve their product knowledge and skills as well as awareness to trends.
9. Save on personnel costs. Personnel will be one of the biggest recurring expenses of a hair and salon business. To save on expenses, you can arrange for everyone but the receptionist to be contractual workers to be paid a sliding commission scale based on the amount of revenue created.

Popularity: 11% [?]

Outsourcing is contracting with another company or person to do a particular function. Now a days every organization outsources in some way. The function being outsourced is considered non-core to the business. For example an insurance company might outsource its janitorial and landscaping operations to firms that specialize in those types of work since they are not related to insurance or strategic to the business. The outside firms providing the outsourcing services are third-party providers, and they are more commonly called, service providers.

As long as work specialization exists, outsourcing is there in and around. Recent history shows that companies began employing the outsourcing model to carry out small functions, such as payroll, billing and data entry. Those processes could be done more efficiently, and therefore more cost-effectively, by other companies with specialized tools and facilities and specially trained personnel.

Today outsourcing takes many forms. Organizations hire service providers to handle distinct business processes, such as benefits management. Some organizations outsource whole operations. The most common forms are information technology outsourcing (ITO) and business process outsourcing (BPO).

Business process outsourcing (BPO) encompasses

1. Call center outsourcing,
2. Human resources outsourcing (HRO),
3. Finance and accounting outsourcing, and
4. Claims processing outsourcing.

These outsourcing deals involve multi-year contracts that run into hundreds of millions of dollars. The people performing the work internally for the client firm are transferred and become employees for the service provider. Dominant outsourcing service providers in the information technology outsourcing and business process outsourcing fields include IBM, EDS, CSC, HP, ACS, Accenture and Capgemini.

Some nimble companies that are short on time and money, such as start-up software publishers, apply multisourcing — using both internal and service provider staff — in order to speed up the time to launch. They hire a multitude of outsourcing service providers to handle almost all aspects of a new project, from product design, to software coding, to testing, to localization, and even to marketing and sales.

The process of outsourcing generally encompasses four stages:

1. Strategic thinking, to develop the organization’s philosophy about the role of outsourcing in its activities;
2. Evaluation and selection, to decide on the appropriate outsourcing projects and potential locations for the work to be done and service providers to do it;
3. Contract development, to work out the legal, pricing and service level agreement (SLA) terms; and
4. Outsourcing management or governance, to refine the ongoing working relationship between the client and outsourcing service providers.

In all cases, success of outsourcing depends on three factors:

1. Executive-level support in the client organization for the outsourcing mission;
2. Ample communication to affected employees; and
3. The client’s ability to manage its service providers.

The outsourcing professionals in charge of the work on both the client and provider sides need a combination of skills in such areas as negotiation, communication, project management, the ability to understand the terms and conditions of the contracts and service level agreements (SLAs), and, above all, the willingness to be flexible as business needs change.

The challenges of outsourcing become especially acute when the work is being done in a different country (offshored), since that involves language, cultural and time zone differences.

Popularity: 4% [?]

Schools in Andhra Pradesh have deployed NComputing virtual desktops technology, which distributes the power of a PC across a number of users.

The project was commissioned in November. It is aimed to bring computer training and e-learning to 5,000 government schools with 1.8 million students. The schools have each been equipped with a computer lab with the hardware and software, trained instructors and a reliable power supply.

PCs are so powerful that the vast majority of students only use a small fraction of the computer’s capacity. The strategy is to utilize the excess capacity in a PC by sharing it among a number of users. As the client device is not the PC, but a monitor with keyboard and mouse, the economics of delivering computing to users will change dramatically.

It is said that NComputing would be using a version of its technology priced at US$70 per seat, and in addition provide savings in electricity costs. A full deployment including shared cost of the computer, monitor, keyboard and peripherals cost would be closer to $200.

The systems run on the Microsoft Windows Server operating system and use Microsoft’s Office Suite.

A number of technology companies including Intel and the One Laptop Per Child association are targeting specialized products at price-sensitive emerging markets.

It has a prototype of a low-cost access and computing device for education purposes that can run the office suite from OpenOffice.org, besides offering users the ability to do browsing. The device, whose full specifications are still not available, is likely to be priced initially at $20 to $30, with plans to bring the price down to $10 at high volumes.

NComputing said it is working with nearly 15 states in India to pilot or implement its virtual desktop computing technologies.

Popularity: 14% [?]

The Bar Council of India (BCI) has decided to introduce age-bar in law colleges across India.

The new rulings are-

1. No one above the age of 20 can join the integrated five-year LLb course for which a student enrols after passing class XII and
2. One can’t be over 30 if one wants to join the three-year LLB degree course (for which a bachelor’s degree is must).

The BCI is the apex organisation that determines the standards and rules governing legal education in India and their advice is binding on all law-teaching institutions.

BCI vice-chairperson J R Beniwal justified the move saying, ‘‘We want to improve the standards of legal education. We don’t want to open the gates for a 70-year-old. Law education must be on par with medical and engineering education.’’

There are about 300 universities across India, a dozen national law schools in various states and over 300 law colleges. Thousands of students enrol for law courses every year.

There will be a concession in age bar for SC/ST and OBC students who can join

1. A five-year course (after class XII) at 22 and
2. A three-year PG course at even 35.

The BCI says it is introducing age bar to improve the quality of lawyers but law colleges and advocates say the move smacks of ‘‘discrimination’’. It violates the constitutional right to equality and to practise a profession of one’s choice. Advocate Mahesh Jethmalani said: ‘‘It’s unnecessary and discriminatory. How can you stop someone from studying at any age and changing his profession?’’

Popularity: 8% [?]

Admissions for all the professional courses in the state of Gujarat, for the academic year 2009-10 will be done under one single admission committee, instead of three.

The admission committee will be set up by Gujarat Technological University (GTU). This time onwards, common admission committee will conduct admissions for masters degree in business administration (MBA), masters in Computer Application (MCA), engineering, pharmacy and diploma engineering.

The GTU had previously said that they will be conducting the admissions online. Presently, there are three different committees which are taking care of all these admissions.

The GTU will declare four merit lists on which admissions will take place. There will be close to 1.5 lakh students to get admissions through these courses. Engineering and pharmacy will start the admissions first.

Popularity: 9% [?]

Advertising is process of informing and influencing the general public through visual or oral messages to buy products or services.

A product or service is advertised to create an awareness in the minds of potential buyers. The commanly used media for advertising are

1. T.V.
2. Radio
3. Websites (Internet)
4. Newspapers
5. Magazines
6. Bill-boards
7. Hoardings etc.

As a result of economic liberalization and the changing social trends advertising industry has shown rapid growth in the last decade.

Advertising is one of the aspects of mass communication. Advertising is brand-building through effective communication and it is a service industry. It helps to create demand, promote marketing system and boost economic growth. Thus advertising forms the basis of marketing.

Advertising plays a significant role in today’s highly competitive world. A career in advertisement is quite glamourous and at the same time challenging with more and more agencies opening up every day. Whether it’s brands, companies, personalities or even voluntary or religious organizations, all of them use some form of advertising in order to be able to communicate with the target audience. The salary structure in advertising is quite high and if you have the knack for it one can reach the top. It is an ideal profession for a creative individual who can handle work-pressure.

Some new areas have also emerged within the scope of advertising. They are

1. Event management- Marketing of events is called Event Management
2. Image management-It includes projection of a particular profile of an individual or an organisation
3. Internet marketing etc.-Internet marketing has also brought about a lot of changes in advertising as Internet means that one is catering to a select group of audience rather than a mass audience.

Eligibility :
Most advertising agencies recruit candidates with a formal management or advertising/mass communication qualification.

• Educational: Most advertising agencies recruit candidates with a formal management or advertising/mass communication qualification. Preference is given for MBA’s for posts in the market research, client servicing and media planning departments. In the creative department, a general Graduate/Post Graduate with a command of the language of communication plus knowledge of designing packages like Photoshop, coral draw or fine arts is the basic requirement.
• Specialised Cources: There are courses in advertising/mass communication at diploma and post graduate level for which basic qualification is graduation. Advertising is also offered as a subject for the graduate degree course in mass communication studies at certain institutions for which minimum qualification is 10+2. In addition there are also certificate courses for which 10+2 is enough.
• Personal attributes: For making a successful career in advertising basic qualities like creativity and flair for writing or ability to translate ideas into a visual format are required. They should have insight into the interests of people from all walks of life, ability to work as part of team, mental and physical toughness to be able to withstand high pressure and criticism, must be sociable and have calm temperament. Market and media researchers should have an analytical and logical brain. Those in creative field should possess artistic abilities to make the ad appealing to the masses.

Job Prospects and Career Options:
Advertising field has a range of lucrative, interesting careers. Job Prospects and Career opportunities in advertising include openings in private advertising agencies; advertising department in private or public sector companies; in advertising sections of newspapers, journals, magazines; commercial section of radio or television; market research organisations etc. And one can also do freelance advertising. The job in this field is categorised into  executive and creative jobs.

• Executive side includes Client Servicing, Market Research and Media Research. The executive department understand client needs, find new business and retain existing business, selects the appropriate media, analyses timing and placement of advertisements and negotiate the financial aspects of the deal.
• Creative side consist of copywriters, scriptwriters, visualisers, photographers and typographers.Creative department creates the advertisement copy. They verbalises and visualises the specific need of the client.

Remuneration :
Job positions and earnings in an agency vary with its size and turnover. Accredited agencies have a large set up while small agencies.

Job positions and earnings in an agency vary with its size and turnover. Accredited agencies have a large set up while small agencies may have just a handful of employees looking after all the various jobs. The earnings range from 7,000 for production mangers to 8,000 for copy writers up to 35,000 for General Managers plus perks.

List of Institutions offering courses in Advertising and Mass Communications in India

1. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Kasthurba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi – 1
2. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Kulapati K.M.Munshi Marg, Chowpatty, Mumbai – 600 007
3. Bhavan’s Harilal Bhagvati College of Mass Communications, Race Course Road, Bangalore – 560 001
4. Bhavan’s Institute of Communications and Management, FA/111 Salt Lake City, Calcutta – 770 064
5. Indian Institute of Mass Communication, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU New Campus, New Delhi – 110 067
6. Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai – 76
7. Mass communications Research Centre, Jamia Milia Islamia, Jamianagar, New Delhi – 110 025
8. Mudra Institute of Communications, Shela, Ahmedabad – 58
9. Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai – 400 056
10. Siddharth College of Communications, D.N.Road, Mumbai – 1
11. Somaiya College of Arts, Chowpatty, Mumbai – 7
12. Sophia College, Bhulabhai Desai Road, Mumbai – 400 026
13. University of Mumbai’s Garware Institute of Career Education and Development, Kalina Campus, Santa Cruz (East), Mumbai-8
14. Apeejay Institute of Mass Communication – Dwarka, New Delhi – 110 075 Email : aimc.del@apj.edu Website : www.apeejay.edu.

Specialised Advertising and Communications Management Programme is offered by

1. MCA, Ahmedabad – 380 058
2. NMIMS, Mumbai – 400 056
3. Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Senapati Bapat Road, Pune – 411 004

P.G.Diploma in Marketing Management is offered by:

1. Clarion College of Communication, Calcutta
2. NIS, a division of NIS Sparta Ltd., an NIIT Company, with centres in all major towns of India
3. Times School of Marketing, 10, Daryaganj, New Delhi-2

The MBA courses of reputed management schools also allow entry into the executive department of the Advertising sector.

To join as a Visualiser/Creative person in an advertisement agency, a degree or diploma in Fine/Commercial Art is the basic qualification.

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Popularity: 2% [?]

Actuarial Science is a great career option. Actuaries add value by enabling businesses and individuals to make better-informed decisions, with a clearer view of the likely range of financial outcomes from different future events.

The actuary’s are professionals in analysis and modeling of problems in finance, risk management, project management and product design. Their skills are used extensively in the areas of insurance, pensions, banking and health care. Within these industries, actuaries perform a wide variety of roles such as design and pricing of product, financial management and corporate planning. Actuaries are invariably involved in the overall management of insurance companies and pension, gratuity and other employee benefit funds schemes. They have statutory roles in insurance schemes sponsored by government.

Actuaries are one of the highest paid professionals in the world, a freshly qualified actuary is likely to receive an average pay of around $70 thousand per annum in UK/USA and Rs.18 lacks in India. As a trainee the students can expect their stipend to start at Rs.50 thousand per month in India.

A degree in Actuarial Science is globally recognized and provides a zero unemployment profession. The cost of studying is also low. Truly this makes Actuarial Science a smart career.

In India, the Actuarial Society of India offers this course. Apart from that, courses from the Institute of Actuaries, London and Australia are also recognized in India. Any person with a high degree of aptitude for mathematics, statistics and finance can take up this course and become an Actuary.

Actuaries provide professional services in a wide range of business and social contexts. Investment and Financial Services covered are Life Insurance, Health Insurance, General Insurance * Employee Retirement and Benefit Plans.

Criteria for Becoming Student Member:

A person is eligible to be considered for admission as student member if he/she fulfills the following conditions:

1. Should have completed 18 years of age.
2. Should have attained anyone of the following Educational Standards:
   • Passed 10+2 (H.S.C.) or equivalent with at least 85% in Mathematics/ Statistics.
   • Graduate or Post Graduate in Maths / Stats/Econometrics
   • Any Engineer/CA/CS/MBA (Finance))/ MCA
   • Any member of Society of UK/US/Australia
   • Fully qualified members of following Professional bodies such as
     • The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India(ICAI)
     • The Institute of Cost and Work Accountant of India(ICWAI)
     • The Institute of Financial Analyst of India.(IFAI)
     • The Insurance Institute of India (III) passing with subjects 81-Mathematical Basis of Insurance and 82-Statistics
   • A student of following actuarial bodies provided at least one subject has been passed from these bodies.
     • Society of Actuaries, USA
     • Casualty Actuarial Society, USA.
3. An application should be recommended by a member of professional body like such as Institute of Chartered Accountant of India, Institute of Cost & Works Accountant of India and Institute of Company Secretary of India.

The study course of ASI is divided into four stages.

1. Core Technical Stage: This consists of 8 subjects each with one paper of 100 marks [CT1 to CT8] and all are compulsory.
2. Core Application Stage: This consists of 2 compulsory subjects [CA2 to CA3]. CA1 consists of two papers[CA1 and CA2] whereas CA2 and CA3 shall have one paper each.
3. Specialist Technical Stage: This stage consists of 6 papers[ST1 to ST6]. The students would be required choose any two.
4. Specialist Application Stage: This again consists of 6 papers[SA1 to SA6] and the student has to clear anyone.

For an aspiring student, a high level of mathematics is required for course. So it is very in importance that a student mathematical is extremely good.

Future Prospects:

After clearing 3 to 4 papers, the candidates are normally absorbed as trainees(with a handsome stipend) in the insurance and other AMC application companies. Actuaries deal primarily in finance that has continuously increasing. The actuaries and actuarial trainees are employed by the following national and international organization:

1. Insurance companies [be it private or public- life or general]
2. Firm of Consulting Actuaries
3. Authorities like IRDA, PFRDA & TAC.
4. Asset liability Management Companies
5. Large banks and Investment Firms like World Bank, ADB, etc
6. Pension Banks and Employee Benefit Companies- likely to be opened in India soon.
7. Large Capital & Turnkey Project Handling Companies
8. Software Development Companies
9. Actuarial BPO Companies

In addition to the above, employment opportunities are expected to arise in future in the offices of:

1. Insurance Intermediates
2. Pension Providers other than insurance companies.
3. Education Institution (Providing Courses on Finance & Actuarial Science)
4. Re-insurances

In India the insurance industry is in its nascent stage.

Important Websites:

1. Actuarial Society of India- www.actuariesindia.org
2. Institute of Actuaries, London – www.actuaries.org.uk
3. Institute of Actuaries, Australia – www.actuaries.asn.org
4. Society of Actuaries, USA – www.beanactuaries.org
5. Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority, Hyderabad – www.irdaindia.org
6. The Actuarial profession has constantly been rated as one of the top four jobs in United States for the last 15 years “ by Almanac magazine USA.

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Popularity: 3% [?]